Effects of S100B neutralization on the long-term cognitive impairment and neuroinflammatory response in an animal model of sepsis

Title: Effects of S100B neutralization on the long-term cognitive impairment and neuroinflammatory response in an animal model of sepsis

Journal: Neurochemistry International Vol. 142, January 2021, 104906

Link: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0197018620302977

Comments:

Sepsis is a life-threatening organ dysfunction arising from the dysregulated response of the body to infection. S100B, which belongs to a family of calcium binding protein, has an important role in mediating brain inflammation after sepsis, triggering an inflammatory response and the activation of microglia that induces behavioral alterations resembling long-term cognitive deficits observed in sepsis survivors. The authors used cegal ligation and perforation (CLP) rat model of sepsis to understand the role of S100B protein in the pathophysiology of sepsis-associated encephalopathy. Different brain regions including hippocampus, prefrontal cortex, and amydgala were used for the determination of S100B and receptor for advanced glycation end (RAGE) proteins by western blotting and for the evaluation of cytokine levels and verification of the number of microglial cells by immunohistochemistry, inorder to study the neutralization effects of S100B protein.

Previous studies and this study have shown that sepsis increases microglial activation, the production of proinflammatory cytokines and changes behavior. Treatment with anti-S100B could then be a therapeutic target based on the improvement in memory deficits seen in behavioural tests in sepsis model of rats.